Vandals and Alans cross the Pyrenees and appear in Hispania.

VandalsAlansPyreneesHispania

The present church building at Westminster Abbey is consecrated.

Westminster AbbeyConsecration

Hundreds of Knights Templar in France are simultaneously arrested by agents of Phillip the Fair, to be later tortured into a "confession" of heresy.

Knights TemplarPhilip IV of FranceCoercionHeresy in Christianity

Rinchinbal Khan, Emperor Ningzong of Yuan, becomes the Khagan of the Mongols and Emperor of the Yuan dynasty, reigning for only 53 days.

Rinchinbal KhanKhaganMongolsYuan dynasty

Because of the adoption of the Gregorian calendar, this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.

Adoption of the Gregorian calendar

A Swedish-Dutch fleet defeats the Danish fleet at Fehmarn and captures about 1,000 prisoners.

Battle of Fehmarn (1644)

Port Royal, the capital of French Acadia, falls in a siege by British forces.

Habitation at Port-RoyalAcadiaSiege of Port Royal (1710)

The Whirlpool Galaxy is discovered by Charles Messier.

Whirlpool GalaxyCharles Messier

The United States Continental Congress orders the establishment of the Continental Navy (the predecessor organization of the United States Navy).

Continental CongressContinental NavyUnited States Navy

In Washington, D.C., the cornerstone of the United States Executive Mansion (known as the White House since 1818) is laid.

White House

French Revolutionary Wars: Austro-Prussian victory over Republican France at the First Battle of Wissembourg

French Revolutionary WarsFirst Battle of Wissembourg (1793)

War of 1812: Battle of Queenston Heights: As part of the Niagara campaign in Ontario, Canada, United States forces under General Stephen Van Rensselaer are repulsed from invading Canada by British and native troops led by Sir Isaac Brock.

War of 1812Battle of Queenston HeightsNiagara campaignOntarioStephen Van Rensselaer

The Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire is publicly proclaimed.

Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire

In New York City, Henry Jones and 11 others found B'nai B'rith (the oldest Jewish service organization in the world).

Henry Jones (B'nai Brith)B'nai B'rith

A majority of voters in the Republic of Texas approve a proposed constitution that, if accepted by the U.S. Congress, will make Texas a U.S. state.

Republic of TexasUnited States CongressTexasU.S. state

First known conversation in modern Hebrew by Eliezer Ben-Yehuda and friends.

Revival of the Hebrew languageEliezer Ben-Yehuda

The International Meridian Conference votes on a resolution to establish the meridian passing through the Observatory of Greenwich, in London, as the initial meridian for longitude.

International Meridian ConferenceRoyal Observatory, Greenwich

The Georgia Institute of Technology is founded in Atlanta, Georgia, United States.

Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta, Georgia

Edward Emerson Barnard discovers D/1892 T1, the first comet discovered by photographic means, on the night of October 13-14.

Edward Emerson Barnard206P/Barnard-BoattiniComet

The Boston Red Sox win the first modern World Series, defeating the Pittsburgh Pirates in the eighth game.

Boston Red SoxWorld SeriesPittsburgh Pirates

Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, becomes the first Governor General of Canada of royal descent.

Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and StrathearnGovernor General of Canada

The Battle of the Hohenzollern Redoubt marks the end of the Battle of Loos in northern France, World War I.

Battle of the Hohenzollern RedoubtBattle of Loos

The "Miracle of the Sun" is witnessed by an estimated 70,000 people in the Cova da Iria in Fátima, Portugal.

Miracle of the SunFátima, Portugal

The Soviet republics of Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia sign the Treaty of Kars with the Grand National Assembly of Turkey to establish the contemporary borders between Turkey and the South Caucasus states.

Russian Soviet Federative Socialist RepublicArmenian Soviet Socialist RepublicAzerbaijan Soviet Socialist RepublicGeorgian Soviet Socialist RepublicTreaty of Kars

Ankara replaces Istanbul as the capital of Turkey.

AnkaraIstanbulTurkey

Jože Plečnik unveils his memorial to Napoleon on the Square of French Revolution, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Jože PlečnikNapoleonLjubljanaSlovenia

World War II: The new government of Italy sides with the Allies and declares war on Germany.

World War IIAllies of World War II

World War II: Riga, the capital of Latvia is occupied by the Red Army.

RigaLatviaRed Army

France adopts the constitution of the Fourth Republic.

French constitutional referendum, October 1946French Fourth Republic

Emperor Claudius dies from poisoning under mysterious circumstances; his 17-year-old stepson Nero succeeds him.

Roman emperorClaudiusNero