The Second Temple of Jerusalem finishes construction.

Second Temple

Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen.

PolandPeace of Bautzen

An estimated 200 square miles (51,800 ha) along the coasts of the Bristol Channel and Severn Estuary in England are destroyed by massive flooding, resulting in an estimated 2,000 deaths.

Bristol ChannelSevern EstuaryBristol Channel floods, 1607

Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster and Osnabrück is signed, ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain.

Eighty Years' WarPeace of Münster

King Charles I of England is beheaded.

Charles I of England

Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, is ritually executed more than two years after his death, on the 12th anniversary of the execution of the monarch he himself deposed.

Oliver CromwellLord ProtectorCommonwealth of EnglandPosthumous executionCharles I of England

The Forty-seven Ronin, under the command of Ōishi Kuranosuke, avenge the death of their master.

Forty-seven RoninŌishi Kuranosuke

Tây Sơn forces emerge victorious against Qing armies and liberate the capital Thăng Long.

Tây Sơn dynastyBattle of Ngọc Hồi-Đống ĐaQing dynastyThăng Long

The original Lower Trenton Bridge (also called the Trenton Makes the World Takes Bridge), which spans the Delaware River between Morrisville, Pennsylvania and Trenton, New Jersey, is opened.

Lower Trenton BridgeDelaware RiverMorrisville, Bucks County, PennsylvaniaTrenton, New Jersey

Edward Bransfield sights the Trinity Peninsula and claims the discovery of Antarctica.

Edward BransfieldTrinity PeninsulaAntarctica

The Menai Suspension Bridge, considered the world's first modern suspension bridge, connecting the Isle of Anglesey to the north West coast of Wales, is opened.

Menai Suspension BridgeIsle of Anglesey

In the first assassination attempt against a President of the United States, Richard Lawrence attempts to shoot president Andrew Jackson, but fails and is subdued by a crowd, including several congressmen as well as Jackson himself.

Richard Lawrence (failed assassin)Andrew Jackson

Yerba Buena, California is renamed San Francisco, California.

Yerba Buena, CaliforniaSan Francisco, California

The first Hallé concert is given in Manchester, England, marking the official founding of The Hallé orchestra as a full-time, professional orchestra.

ManchesterThe Hallé

The first American ironclad warship, the USS Monitor is launched.

Ironclad warshipUSS Monitor

Archduke Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria, heir to the Austro-Hungarian crown, is found dead with his mistress Baroness Mary Vetsera in the Mayerling.

ArchdukeCrown Prince Rudolf of AustriaAustria-HungaryBaroness Mary VetseraMayerling Incident

The first Anglo-Japanese Alliance is signed in London.

Anglo-Japanese AllianceLondon

Indian pacifist and leader Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi is released from prison by Jan C. Smuts after being tried and sentenced to two months in jail earlier in the month.

Mahatma GandhiJan C. Smuts

The destroyer USS Terry makes the first airplane rescue at sea saving the life of Douglas McCurdy ten miles from Havana, Cuba.

USS Terry (DD-25)AirplaneJohn Alexander Douglas McCurdyHavana, Cuba

The Canadian Naval Service becomes the Royal Canadian Navy.

Royal Canadian Navy

The McMahon-Hussein Correspondence between Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca and the British official Henry McMahon concerning the Arab revolt against the Ottoman Empire ends.

McMahon-Hussein CorrespondenceHussein bin Ali, Sharif of MeccaHenry McMahon (diplomat)Arab revoltOttoman Empire

The Government of Turkey expels Patriarch Constantine VI from Istanbul.

TurkeyConstantine VI of ConstantinopleIstanbul

The Politburo of the Soviet Union orders the extermination of the Kulaks.

PolitburoKulaks

Adolf Hitler is sworn in as Chancellor of Germany.

Adolf HitlerMachtergreifungChancellor of Germany (German Reich)

World War II: Battle of Ambon. Japanese forces invade the island of Ambon in the Dutch East Indies. Some 300 captured Allied troops are massacred at Laha airfield. Three-fourths of remaining POWs did not survive at the end of the war, including 250 men who were shipped to Hainan Island in South China Sea and never returned.

World War IIBattle of AmbonEmpire of JapanBattle of AmbonAmbon Island

World War II: Second day of the Battle of Rennell Island. The USS Chicago is sunk and a U.S. destroyer is heavily damaged by Japanese torpedoes.

Battle of Rennell IslandUSS Chicago (CA-29)Torpedo

World War II: The Battle of Cisterna, part of Operation Shingle, begins in central Italy.

Battle of CisternaOperation Shingle

World War II: The Wilhelm Gustloff, overfilled with German refugees, sinks in the Baltic Sea after being torpedoed by a Soviet submarine, killing approximately 9,500 people.

KdF Ship Wilhelm GustloffRefugeeBaltic SeaTorpedoSoviet Union

World War II: Raid at Cabanatuan: One hundred twenty-six American Rangers and Filipino resistance fighters liberate over 500 Allied prisoners from the Japanese-controlled Cabanatuan POW camp.

Raid at Cabanatuan

Mahatma Gandhi is assassinated by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu extremist.

Assassination of Mahatma GandhiNathuram Godse