Pope Sylvester I succeeds Pope Miltiades.

Pope Sylvester IPope Miltiades

France cedes Naples to Aragon.

NaplesAragon

The Battle of Gembloux takes place.

Battle of Gembloux (1578)

Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes is executed for plotting against Parliament and King James.

Gunpowder PlotGuy FawkesParliament of EnglandJames VI and I

The first venereal diseases clinic opens at London Lock Hospital.

Venereal diseaseLondon Lock Hospital

John Marshall is appointed the Chief Justice of the United States.

John MarshallChief Justice of the United States

Gervasio Antonio de Posadas becomes Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (present-day Argentina).

Gervasio Antonio de PosadasSupreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata

After the Milwaukee Bridge War, Juneautown and Kilbourntown unify as the City of Milwaukee.

Milwaukee Bridge WarMilwaukee

John C. Frémont is court-martialed for mutiny and disobeying orders.

John C. FrémontCourt-martial

Corn Laws are abolished in the United Kingdom pursuant to legislation in 1846.

Corn Laws

Alvan Graham Clark discovers the white dwarf star Sirius B, a companion of Sirius, through an 18.5-inch (47 cm) telescope now located at Northwestern University.

Alvan Graham ClarkWhite dwarfSiriusNorthwestern University

American Civil War: The United States Congress passes the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, abolishing slavery and submits it to the states for ratification.

American Civil WarUnited States CongressThirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

American Civil War: Confederate General Robert E. Lee becomes general-in-chief.

Confederate States of AmericaRobert E. Lee

History of Portugal: The first attempt at a Portuguese republican revolution breaks out in the northern city of Porto.

History of Portugal (1834-1910)RepublicanismPorto

Czechoslav Trade Union Association is founded in Prague.

Czechoslovak Trade Union AssociationPrague

Datu Muhammad Salleh is killed in Kampung Teboh, Tambunan, ending the Mat Salleh Rebellion.

Mat Salleh Rebellion

World War I: Germany is the first to make large-scale use of poison gas in warfare in the Battle of Bolimów against Russia.

World War IGerman EmpireChemical weapons in World War IBattle of BolimówRussian Empire

World War I: Germany announces that its U-boats will resume unrestricted submarine warfare after a two-year hiatus.

U-boatU-boat Campaign (World War I)

A series of accidental collisions on a misty Scottish night leads to the loss of two Royal Navy submarines with over a hundred lives, and damage to another five British warships.

Battle of May IslandRoyal NavySubmarine

The Battle of George Square takes place in Glasgow, Scotland.

Battle of George SquareGlasgow

The Soviet Union exiles Leon Trotsky.

Soviet UnionLeon Trotsky

3M begins marketing Scotch Tape.

3MScotch Tape

World War II: Allied forces are defeated by the Japanese at the Battle of Malaya and retreat to Singapore.

World War IIBattle of Malaya

World War II: German Field Marshal Friedrich Paulus surrenders to the Soviets at Stalingrad, followed 2 days later by the remainder of his Sixth Army, ending one of the war's fiercest battles.

Friedrich PaulusBattle of Stalingrad

World War II: American forces land on Kwajalein Atoll and other islands in the Japanese-held Marshall Islands.

Kwajalein AtollMarshall Islands

World War II: During the Anzio campaign the 1st Ranger Battalion (Darby's Rangers) is destroyed behind enemy lines in a heavily outnumbered encounter at Battle of Cisterna, Italy.

Battle of Anzio1st Ranger BattalionBattle of Cisterna

US Army private Eddie Slovik is executed for desertion, the first such execution of an American soldier since the Civil War.

Eddie SlovikDesertionAmerican Civil War

World War II: About 3,000 inmates from the Stutthof concentration camp are forcibly marched into the Baltic Sea at Palmnicken (now Yantarny, Russia) and executed.

Stutthof concentration campBaltic SeaYantarny

World War II: The end of fighting in the Battle of Hill 170 during the Burma Campaign, in which the British 3 Commando Brigade repulsed a Japanese counterattack on their positions and precipitated a general retirement from the Arakan Peninsula.

Battle of Hill 170Burma Campaign3 Commando BrigadeRakhine State

Yugoslavia's new constitution, modeling that of the Soviet Union, establishes six constituent republics (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia).

Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia1946 Yugoslav ConstitutionSoviet UnionBosnia and HerzegovinaCroatia