Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar.

MunichHenry the LionIsar

First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France captures the city of Winchester and soon conquers over half of the Kingdom of England.

First Barons' WarLouis VIII of FranceWinchesterKingdom of England

While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Song dynasty court hold the coronation ceremony for the young prince Zhao Shi, making him Emperor Duanzong.

FuzhouHistory of the Song dynastySong dynastyEmperor Duanzong

Second Mongol invasion of Vietnam: Forces led by Prince Trần Quang Khải of the Trần dynasty destroy most of the invading Mongol naval fleet in a battle at Chuong Duong.

Mongol invasions of VietnamTrần Quang KhảiTrần dynastyYuan dynasty

Kublai Khan defeats the force of Nayan and other traditionalist Borjigin princes in East Mongolia and Manchuria.

Kublai KhanBorjiginMongoliaManchuria

Richard II of England meets leaders of Peasants' Revolt on Blackheath. The Tower of London is stormed by rebels who enter without resistance.

Richard II of EnglandPeasants' RevoltBlackheath, LondonTower of London

Welsh rebel leader Owain Glyndŵr, having declared himself Prince of Wales, allies himself with the French against King Henry IV of England.

Owain GlyndŵrPrince of WalesHenry IV of England

Joris Veseler prints the first Dutch newspaper Courante uyt Italien, Duytslandt, &c. in Amsterdam (approximate date).

Courante uyt Italien, Duytslandt, &c.Amsterdam

English Civil War: Battle of Naseby: Twelve thousand Royalist forces are beaten by 15,000 Parliamentarian soldiers.

English Civil WarBattle of NasebyRoundheadLong Parliament

The Raid on the Medway by the Dutch fleet in the Second Anglo-Dutch War ends. It had lasted for five days and resulted in the worst ever defeat of the Royal Navy.

Raid on the MedwayNetherlandsSecond Anglo-Dutch WarRoyal Navy

King William III of England (William of Orange) lands in Ireland to confront the former King James II.

William III of EnglandJames II of England

American Revolutionary War: the Continental Army is established by the Continental Congress, marking the birth of the United States Army.

American Revolutionary WarContinental ArmyContinental CongressUnited States Army

The Stars and Stripes is adopted by Congress as the Flag of the United States.

Flag of the United States

Mutiny on the Bounty: HMS Bounty mutiny survivors including Captain William Bligh and 18 others reach Timor after a nearly 7,400 km (4,600 mi) journey in an open boat.

Mutiny on the BountyHMS BountyWilliam BlighTimor

The French Army of First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte defeats the Austrians at the Battle of Marengo in Northern Italy and re-conquers Italy.

NapoleonBattle of Marengo

Emperor Napoleon's French Grande Armée defeats the Russian Army at the Battle of Friedland in Poland (modern Russian Kaliningrad Oblast) ending the War of the Fourth Coalition.

NapoleonGrande ArméeRussian EmpireBattle of FriedlandKaliningrad Oblast

Badi VII, king of Sennar, surrenders his throne and realm to Isma'il Pasha, general of the Ottoman Empire, ending the existence of that Sudanese kingdom.

Badi VIISennar (sultanate)Isma'il PashaOttoman Empire

Charles Babbage proposes a difference engine in a paper to the Royal Astronomical Society entitled "Note on the application of machinery to the computation of astronomical and mathematical tables".

Charles BabbageDifference engineRoyal Astronomical Society

Beginning of the French colonization of Algeria: Thirty-four thousand French soldiers begin their invasion of Algiers, landing 27 kilometers west at Sidi Fredj.

French AlgeriaInvasion of Algiers in 1830Sidi Fredj

Henley Royal Regatta: the village of Henley-on-Thames, on the River Thames in Oxfordshire, stages its first regatta.

Henley Royal RegattaHenley-on-ThamesRiver ThamesOxfordshireRegatta

Bear Flag Revolt begins: Anglo settlers in Sonoma, California, start a rebellion against Mexico and proclaim the California Republic.

Bear Flag RevoltUnited StatesSonoma, CaliforniaCalifornia Republic

American Civil War: Second Battle of Winchester: A Union garrison is defeated by the Army of Northern Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley town of Winchester, Virginia.

American Civil WarSecond Battle of WinchesterUnited StatesArmy of Northern VirginiaShenandoah Valley

Second Assault on the Confederate works at the Siege of Port Hudson during the American Civil War.

Siege of Port Hudson

Trade unions are legalized in Canada.

Trade union

The White Rajahs territories become the British protectorate of Sarawak.

White RajahBritish protectorateKingdom of Sarawak

Hawaii becomes a United States territory.

Territory of HawaiiUnited States territory

The Reichstag approves a second law that allows the expansion of the German navy.

Reichstag (German Empire)

Norway grants women the right to vote.

Women's suffrage

John Alcock and Arthur Whitten Brown depart from St. John's, Newfoundland on the first nonstop transatlantic flight.

Transatlantic flight of Alcock and BrownSt. John's, NewfoundlandTransatlantic flight

Brazil leaves the League of Nations

BrazilLeague of Nations