Emperor Julian marches back up the Tigris and burns his fleet of supply ships. During the withdrawal Roman forces suffered several attacks from the Persians.

Julian (emperor)TigrisPersia

Yazdegerd III ascends to the throne as king (shah) of the Persian Empire. He becomes the last ruler of the Sasanian dynasty (modern Iran).

Yazdegerd IIIShahSasanian EmpireSasanian family treeIran

Ming-Hồ War: Retired King Hồ Quý Ly and his son King Hồ Hán Thương of Hồ dynasty are captured by the Ming armies.

Ming-Hồ WarHồ Quý LyHồ Hán ThươngHồ dynastyMing dynasty

Battle of Stoke Field, the final engagement of the Wars of the Roses.

Battle of Stoke FieldWars of the Roses

Mary, Queen of Scots, recognizes Philip II of Spain as her heir and successor.

Mary, Queen of ScotsPhilip II of SpainOrder of succession

War of the Austrian Succession: New England colonial troops under the command of William Pepperrell capture the Fortress of Louisbourg in Louisbourg, New France (Old Style date).

War of the Austrian SuccessionNew EnglandWilliam PepperrellFortress of LouisbourgLouisbourg

War of the Austrian Succession: Austria and Sardinia defeat a Franco-Spanish army at the Battle of Piacenza.

SardiniaBattle of Piacenza

French and Indian War: The French surrender Fort Beauséjour to the British, leading to the expulsion of the Acadians.

French and Indian WarMilitary history of FranceFort BeauséjourAcadians

Foundation of Harrodsburg, Kentucky.

Harrodsburg, Kentucky

Spain declares war on the Kingdom of Great Britain, and the Great Siege of Gibraltar begins.

Great Siege of Gibraltar

Cornwallis's Retreat, also known as the First Battle of Groix.

Cornwallis's Retreat

Battle of Ligny and Battle of Quatre Bras, two days before the Battle of Waterloo.

Battle of LignyBattle of Quatre BrasBattle of Waterloo

The formation of the London Working Men's Association gives rise to the Chartist Movement.

London Working Men's AssociationChartism

The Papal conclave of 1846 elects Pope Pius IX, beginning the longest reign in the history of the papacy.

Papal conclave, 1846Pope Pius IX

Abraham Lincoln delivers his House Divided speech in Springfield, Illinois.

Abraham LincolnLincoln's House Divided SpeechSpringfield, Illinois

The Battle of Morar takes place during the Indian Mutiny.

Indian Mutiny

The University Tests Act allows students to enter the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge and Durham without religious tests (except for those intending to study theology).

Universities Tests Act 1871University of OxfordUniversity of CambridgeDurham UniversityTheology

The Victoria Hall theatre panic in Sunderland, England kills 183 children.

Victoria Hall stampedeSunderland, Tyne and Wear

The first purpose-built roller coaster, LaMarcus Adna Thompson's "Switchback Railway", opens in New York's Coney Island amusement park.

LaMarcus Adna ThompsonSwitchback RailwayConey Island

A treaty annexing the Republic of Hawaii to the United States is signed; the Republic would not be dissolved until a year later.

Republic of Hawaii

The Ford Motor Company is incorporated.

Ford Motor Company

Roald Amundsen commences the first east-west navigation of the Northwest Passage, leaving Oslo, Norway.

Roald AmundsenNorthwest PassageOslo

Eugen Schauman assassinates Nikolay Bobrikov, Governor-General of Finland.

Eugen SchaumanNikolay BobrikovGovernor-General of Finland

Irish author James Joyce begins a relationship with Nora Barnacle and subsequently uses the date to set the actions for his novel Ulysses; this date is now traditionally called "Bloomsday".

James JoyceNora BarnacleUlysses (novel)Bloomsday

IBM founded as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company in Endicott, New York.

IBMEndicott, New York

General election in the Irish Free State: The pro-Treaty Sinn Féin win a large majority.

Irish Free StateHistory of Sinn Féin

The most famous Young Pioneer camp of the Soviet Union, Artek, is established.

Young PioneerSoviet UnionArtek (camp)

Sovnarkom establishes decree time in the USSR.

SovnarkomDecree time

The National Industrial Recovery Act is passed. It would later be declared unconstitutional.

National Industrial Recovery ActA.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States

World War II: Marshal Henri Philippe Pétain becomes Chief of State of Vichy France (Chef de l'État Français).

World War IIHenri Philippe PétainVichy France