Execution of Saints Crispin and Crispinian during the reign of Diocletian, now the patron saints of leather workers, curriers, and shoemakers.

285Crispin and CrispinianDiocletian

Emperor Leo I acclaims his grandson Leo II as Caesar of the Byzantine Empire.

Leo I the ThracianLeo II (emperor)Caesar (title)Byzantine Empire

Seljuk Turks defeat German crusaders under Conrad III at the Battle of Dorylaeum.

Seljuk TurksConrad III of GermanyBattle of Dorylaeum (1147)

Reconquista: After a siege of four months, crusader knights led by Afonso Henriques reconquered Lisbon.

ReconquistaSiege of LisbonAfonso I of PortugalLisbon

Hundred Years' War: Henry V of England and his lightly armoured infantry and archers defeat the heavily armoured French cavalry in the Battle of Agincourt on Saint Crispin's Day.

Hundred Years' WarHenry V of EnglandInfantryArcheryCavalry

Dutch sea-captain Dirk Hartog makes second recorded landfall by a European on Australian soil, at the later-named Dirk Hartog Island off the West Australian coast.

NetherlandsDirk HartogDirk Hartog IslandWestern Australia

British fleet under Admiral Sir Edward Hawke defeats the French at the Second Battle of Cape Finisterre.

Edward HawkeSecond Battle of Cape Finisterre (1747)

George III becomes King of Great Britain.

George III of the United KingdomKing of Great Britain

War of 1812: The American frigate, USS United States, commanded by Stephen Decatur, captures the British frigate HMS Macedonian.

War of 1812USS United States (1797)Stephen DecaturUSS United States vs HMS MacedonianHMS Macedonian

Greek War of Independence: The First Siege of Missolonghi begins.

Greek War of IndependenceFirst Siege of Missolonghi

St Katharine Docks open in London.

St Katharine Docks

The Battle of Balaclava during the Crimean War (Charge of the Light Brigade).

Battle of BalaclavaCrimean WarCharge of the Light Brigade

The Toronto Stock Exchange is created.

Toronto Stock Exchange

The United Kingdom annexes the Transvaal.

Transvaal Colony

Old Style date of the October Revolution in Russia

Old Style and New Style datesOctober Revolution

After 74 days on hunger strike in Brixton Prison, England, the Sinn Féin Lord Mayor of Cork, Terence MacSwiney dies.

Hunger strikeSinn FéinLord Mayor of CorkTerence MacSwiney

The Zinoviev letter, which Zinoviev himself denied writing, is published in the Daily Mail; the Labour party would later blame this letter for the Conservatives' landslide election win.

Zinoviev letterDaily MailConservative Party (UK)

The Italian luxury liner SS Principessa Mafalda sinks off the coast of Brazil, killing 314.

SS Principessa Mafalda

Benjamin O. Davis, Sr. is named the first African American general in the United States Army.

Benjamin O. Davis, Sr.African American

Heinrich Himmler orders a crackdown on the Edelweiss Pirates, a loosely organized youth culture in Nazi Germany that had assisted army deserters and others to hide from the Third Reich.

Heinrich HimmlerEdelweiss PiratesYouth cultureNazi GermanyThird Reich

The USS Tang under Richard O'Kane (the top American submarine captain of World War II) is sunk by the ship's own malfunctioning torpedo.

USS Tang (SS-306)Richard O'KaneTorpedo

World War II: Battle of Leyte Gulf: The largest naval battle in history, takes place in and around the Philippines between the Imperial Japanese Navy and the U.S. Third and U.S. Seventh Fleets. Afterward is the first Kamikaze attack of the war.

World War IIBattle of Leyte GulfNaval battlePhilippinesImperial Japanese Navy

The Republic of China takes over administration of Taiwan following Japan's surrender to the Allies.

Republic of China (1912-49)TaiwanAllies of World War II

Cuban Missile Crisis: Adlai Stevenson shows photos at a meeting of the United Nations Security Council proving that Soviet missiles are installed in Cuba.

Cuban Missile CrisisAdlai Stevenson IIUnited Nations Security CouncilSoviet UnionCuba

The United Nations seats the People's Republic of China and expels the Republic of China (see political status of Taiwan and China and the United Nations).

United NationsRepublic of ChinaPolitical status of TaiwanChina and the United Nations

Yom Kippur War officially ends with a ceasefire.

Yom Kippur War

Digital Equipment Corporation releases OpenVMS V1.0.

Digital Equipment CorporationOpenVMS

Proceedings on the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction conclude at The Hague.

Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child AbductionThe Hague

Operation Urgent Fury: The United States and its Caribbean allies invade Grenada, six days after Prime Minister Maurice Bishop and several of his supporters are executed in a coup d'état.

Invasion of GrenadaGrenadaPrime Minister of GrenadaMaurice BishopCapital punishment

A commuter train slams into a school bus in Fox River Grove, Illinois, killing seven students.

1995 Fox River Grove bus-train collisionFox River Grove, Illinois