Dedication of the Temple of Castor and Pollux in ancient Rome

Temple of Castor and PolluxAncient Rome

An Lushan Rebellion: Emperor Xuanzong of Tang is ordered by his Imperial Guards to execute chancellor Yang Guozhong by forcing him to commit suicide or face a mutiny. General An Lushan has other members of the emperor's family killed.

An Lushan RebellionEmperor Xuanzong of TangImperial Guards (Tang dynasty)Yang GuozhongAn Lushan

First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final assault of a difficult siege.

First CrusadeChurch of the Holy SepulchreJerusalemSiege of Jerusalem (1099)

The reconstructed Church of the Holy Sepulchre is consecrated in Jerusalem.

Church of the Holy Sepulchre

King John of England expels Canterbury monks for supporting Archbishop Stephen Langton.

John, King of EnglandCanterburyArchbishop of CanterburyStephen Langton

Swedish-Novgorodian Wars: A Novgorodian army led by Alexander Nevsky defeats the Swedes in the Battle of the Neva.

Swedish-Novgorodian WarsVeliky NovgorodAlexander NevskySwedenBattle of the Neva

John Ball, a leader in the Peasants' Revolt, is hanged, drawn and quartered in the presence of King Richard II of England.

John Ball (priest)Peasants' RevoltHanged, drawn and quarteredRichard II of England

Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War: Battle of Grunwald: The allied forces of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeat the army of the Teutonic Order.

Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic WarBattle of GrunwaldHistory of Poland during the Jagiellonian dynastyGrand Duchy of LithuaniaTeutonic Knights

Muhammad XII is crowned the twenty-second and last Nasrid king of Granada.

Muhammad XII of GranadaNasrid dynastyEmirate of Granada

Monmouth Rebellion: James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth is executed at Tower Hill, England after his defeat at the Battle of Sedgemoor on 6 July 1685.

Monmouth RebellionJames Scott, 1st Duke of MonmouthTower HillBattle of Sedgemoor

Aleksei Chirikov sights land in Southeast Alaska. He sends men ashore in a longboat, making them the first Europeans to visit Alaska.

Aleksei Chirikov

Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, is named by acclamation Colonel General of the new National Guard of Paris.

Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de LafayetteColonel GeneralNational Guard (France)

The Rosetta Stone is found in the Egyptian village of Rosetta by French Captain Pierre-François Bouchard during Napoleon's Egyptian Campaign.

Rosetta StoneEgyptRosettaCaptain (armed forces)Pierre-François Bouchard

Pike expedition: United States Army Lieutenant Zebulon Pike begins an expedition from Fort Bellefontaine near St. Louis, Missouri, to explore the west.

Pike expeditionUnited States ArmyLieutenantZebulon PikeFort Bellefontaine

Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon Bonaparte surrenders aboard HMS Bellerophon.

Napoleonic WarsNapoleon BonaparteHMS Bellerophon (1786)

A fire destroys the ancient Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls in Rome, Italy.

Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls

The Spanish Inquisition is officially disbanded after nearly 356 years.

Spanish Inquisition

Ralph Waldo Emerson delivers the Divinity School Address at Harvard Divinity School, discounting Biblical miracles and declaring Jesus a great man, but not God. The Protestant community reacts with outrage.

Ralph Waldo EmersonDivinity School AddressHarvard Divinity School

The CSS Arkansas, the most effective ironclad on the Mississippi River, battles with Union ships commanded by Admiral David Farragut, severely damaging three ships and sustaining heavy damage herself. The encounter changed the complexion of warfare on the Mississippi and helped to reverse Rebel fortunes on the river in the summer of 1862.

CSS ArkansasMississippi RiverAdmiral David Farragut (page does not exist)

Reconstruction Era of the United States: Georgia becomes the last of the former Confederate states to be readmitted to the Union.

Reconstruction Era of the United StatesGeorgia (U.S. state)Confederate States of AmericaUnion (American Civil War)

Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory are transferred to Canada from the Hudson's Bay Company, and the province of Manitoba and the Northwest Territories are established from these vast territories.

Rupert's LandNorth-Western TerritoryHudson's Bay CompanyManitobaNorthwest Territories

The stratovolcano Mount Bandai erupts killing approximately 500 people, in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan.

StratovolcanoMount Bandai1888 eruption of Mount BandaiFukushima Prefecture

In his book Clinical Psychiatry, Emil Kraepelin gives a name to Alzheimer's disease, naming it after his colleague Alois Alzheimer.

Emil KraepelinAlzheimer's diseaseAlois Alzheimer

In Seattle, Washington, William Boeing and George Conrad Westervelt incorporate Pacific Aero Products (later renamed Boeing).

SeattleWilliam BoeingGeorge Conrad WesterveltBoeing

World War I: The Second Battle of the Marne begins near the River Marne with a German attack.

World War ISecond Battle of the MarneMarne (river)

The Polish Parliament establishes Silesian Voivodeship before the Polish-German plebiscite.

Second Polish RepublicSilesian Voivodeship (1920-39)Upper Silesia plebiscite

Japanese Communist Party is established in Japan.

Japanese Communist Party

Massacre of July 15, 1927: Eighty-nine protesters are killed by the Austrian police in Vienna.

July Revolt of 1927Vienna

State of North Borneo, today in Sabah, Malaysia, annexed by the United Kingdom.

North BorneoSabahMalaysiaUnited Kingdom

Titus and his armies breach the walls of Jerusalem. (17th of Tammuz in the Hebrew calendar).

TitusSiege of Jerusalem (AD 70)17th of Tammuz