Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern emperor at Tarsus (modern Turkey). He is recognized in Antioch and makes it his capital.

Leontius (usurper)UsurperTarsus, MersinTurkeyAntioch

Umayyad conquest of Hispania: Battle of Guadalete: Umayyad forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by King Roderic.

Umayyad conquest of HispaniaBattle of GuadaleteUmayyad CaliphateTariq ibn ZiyadVisigoths

Battle of Simancas: King Ramiro II of León defeats the Moorish army under Caliph Abd-al-Rahman III near the city of Simancas.

Battle of SimancasRamiro II of LeónMoorsAbd-ar-Rahman IIISimancas

Arab-Byzantine wars: Battle of Apamea: Fatimids defeat a Byzantine army near Apamea.

Arab-Byzantine warsBattle of ApameaFatimidsByzantineApamea, Syria

Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Halidon Hill: The English win a decisive victory over the Scots.

Wars of Scottish IndependenceBattle of Halidon HillKingdom of Scotland

Italian War of 1542-46: The first Siege of Boulogne begins.

Italian War of 1542-46Sieges of Boulogne (1544-46)

The Tudor warship Mary Rose sinks off Portsmouth; in 1982 the wreck is salvaged in one of the most complex and expensive projects in the history of maritime archaeology.

Tudor periodMary RosePortsmouth

Lady Jane Grey is replaced by Mary I of England as Queen of England after only nine days on the throne.

Lady Jane GreyMary I of EnglandQueen regnant

Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines: The Spanish Armada is sighted in the English Channel.

Anglo-Spanish War (1585-1604)Spanish ArmadaSpanish ArmadaEnglish Channel

Representatives of the Iroquois Confederacy sign the Nanfan Treaty, ceding a large territory north of the Ohio River to England.

IroquoisNanfan TreatyOhio RiverKingdom of England

Great Northern War: A numerically superior Polish-Saxon army of Augustus II the Strong, operating from an advantageous defensive position, is defeated by a Swedish army half its size under the command of King Charles XII in the Battle of Klissow.

Great Northern WarAugustus II the StrongCharles XII of SwedenBattle of Klissow

Unsuccessful in his attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Hawaii for the Russian-American Company, Georg Anton Schäffer is forced to admit defeat and leave Kauai.

Schäffer affairKingdom of HawaiiRussian-American CompanyGeorg Anton SchäfferKauai

Coronation of George IV of the United Kingdom.

George IV of the United Kingdom

The British Medical Association is founded as the Provincial Medical and Surgical Association by Sir Charles Hastings at a meeting in the Board Room of the Worcester Infirmary.

British Medical AssociationCharles Hastings (English physician)Worcester

Brunel's steamship the SS Great Britain is launched, becoming the first ocean-going craft with an iron hull and screw propeller, becoming the largest vessel afloat in the world.

Isambard Kingdom BrunelSteamboatSS Great BritainScrew propeller

Great New York City Fire of 1845: The last great fire to affect Manhattan began early in the morning and was subdued that afternoon. The fire killed four firefighters, 26 civilians, and destroyed 345 buildings.

Great New York City Fire of 1845Manhattan

Women's rights: A two-day Women's Rights Convention opens in Seneca Falls, New York.

Women's rightsSeneca Falls ConventionSeneca Falls (hamlet), New York

American Civil War: Morgan's Raid: At Buffington Island in Ohio, Confederate General John Hunt Morgan's raid into the north is mostly thwarted when a large group of his men are captured while trying to escape across the Ohio River.

American Civil WarMorgan's RaidBuffington IslandOhioConfederate States of America

Taiping Rebellion: Third Battle of Nanking: The Qing dynasty finally defeats the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.

Taiping RebellionThird Battle of NankingQing dynastyTaiping Heavenly Kingdom

Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on Prussia.

Franco-Prussian WarPrussia

The first line of the Paris Métro opens for operation.

Paris Métro Line 1Paris Métro

Maurice Garin wins the first Tour de France.

Maurice Garin1903 Tour de France

World War I: Battle of Fromelles: British and Australian troops attack German trenches as part of the Battle of the Somme.

World War IBattle of Fromelles61st (2nd South Midland) DivisionFirst Australian Imperial ForceGerman Empire

World War II: Battle of Cape Spada: The Royal Navy and the Regia Marina clash; the Italian light cruiser Bartolomeo Colleoni sinks, with 121 casualties.

World War IIBattle of Cape SpadaRoyal NavyRegia MarinaBartolomeo Colleoni

Field Marshal Ceremony: First occasion in World War II, that Hitler appointed field marshals due to military achievements.

1940 Field Marshal Ceremony

World War II: Army order 112 forms the Intelligence Corps of the British Army.

Intelligence Corps (United Kingdom)British Army

World War II: Battle of the Atlantic: German Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz orders the last U-boats to withdraw from their United States Atlantic coast positions in response to the effective American convoy system.

Battle of the AtlanticKriegsmarineGrand admiralKarl DönitzU-boat

World War II: Rome is heavily bombed by more than 500 Allied aircraft, inflicting thousands of casualties.

Bombing of Rome in World War II

Prime Minister of the shadow Burmese government, Bogyoke Aung San and eight others are assassinated.

BurmaAung SanAssassination

Korean politician Lyuh Woon-hyung is assassinated.

Lyuh Woon-hyung