Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse, Italy.

Byzantine EmpireConstans IISyracuse, Italy

Major Fatimid victory over the Byzantine Empire at the Battle of the Orontes.

FatimidByzantine EmpireBattle of the Orontes

Gilles de Rais, one of the earliest known serial killers, is taken into custody upon an accusation brought against him by Jean de Malestroit, Bishop of Nantes.

Gilles de RaisSerial killerJean de Malestroit

Departing from Vlissingen, ex-Holy Roman Emperor Charles V returns to Spain.

VlissingenHoly Roman EmperorCharles V, Holy Roman Emperor

The first non-aristocratic, free public school in Europe is opened in Frascati, Italy.

Frascati

Seven Years' War: Battle of Signal Hill.

Seven Years' WarBattle of Signal Hill

American Revolutionary War: British forces land at Kip's Bay during the New York Campaign.

American Revolutionary WarLanding at Kip's BayNew York Campaign

The United States "Department of Foreign Affairs", established by law in July, is renamed the Department of State and given a variety of domestic duties.

United States Department of State

French Revolutionary Wars: Arthur Wellesley (later Duke of Wellington) sees his first combat at the Battle of Boxtel during the Flanders Campaign.

French Revolutionary WarsArthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of WellingtonBattle of BoxtelFlanders Campaign

Britain seizes the Dutch Cape Colony in southern Africa to prevent its use by the Batavian Republic.

Invasion of the Cape Colony (1795)Dutch Cape ColonyBatavian Republic

The French army under Napoleon reaches the Kremlin in Moscow.

NapoleonMoscow Kremlin

War of 1812: A second supply train sent to relieve Fort Harrison is ambushed in the Attack at the Narrows.

War of 1812Siege of Fort HarrisonSiege of Fort Harrison

HMS Whiting runs aground on the Doom Bar

HMS Whiting (1812)Doom Bar

Constitutionalist revolution in Lisbon, Portugal.

History of PortugalLisbon

Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica got independence from Spain after being destroyed by Napoleon.

Act of Independence of Central America

The Liverpool to Manchester railway line opens; British MP William Huskisson becomes the first widely reported railway passenger fatality when he is struck and killed by the locomotive Rocket.

Opening of the Liverpool and Manchester RailwayWilliam HuskissonStephenson's Rocket

HMS Beagle, with Charles Darwin aboard, reaches the Galápagos Islands. The ship lands at Chatham or San Cristobal, the easternmost of the archipelago.

HMS BeagleCharles DarwinGalápagos IslandsSan Cristóbal Island

Saint Joseph's University is founded in Philadelphia.

Saint Joseph's UniversityPhiladelphia

American Civil War: Confederate forces capture Harpers Ferry, Virginia (present-day Harpers Ferry, West Virginia)

American Civil WarConfederate States of AmericaBattle of Harpers FerryHarpers Ferry, West VirginiaHarpers Ferry, West Virginia

Franco-Prussian War: The last German troops leave France upon completion of payment of indemnity.

Franco-Prussian War

First Sino-Japanese War: Japan defeats Qing dynasty China in the Battle of Pyongyang.

First Sino-Japanese WarEmpire of JapanQing dynastyBattle of Pyongyang (1894)

The Empire Picture Theatre (now The New Empire Cinema), the oldest running cinema in mainland Australia, opens in Bowral, New South Wales.

The New Empire CinemaBowral

World War I: Tanks are used for the first time in battle, at the Battle of the Somme.

Tanks in World War IBattle of the Somme

World War I: Allied troops break through the Bulgarian defenses on the Macedonian Front.

Battle of Dobro PoleMacedonian Front

The Nuremberg Laws deprive German Jews of citizenship.

Nuremberg LawsHistory of the Jews in GermanyCitizenship

Nazi Germany adopts a new national flag bearing the swastika.

Nazi GermanyFlag of GermanySwastika

World War II: The climax of the Battle of Britain, when the Royal Air Force shoots down large numbers of Luftwaffe aircraft.

Battle of BritainRoyal Air ForceLuftwaffe

World War II: U.S. Navy aircraft carrier USS Wasp is sunk by Japanese torpedoes at Guadalcanal.

Aircraft carrierUSS Wasp (CV-7)Guadalcanal

Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill meet in Quebec as part of the Octagon Conference to discuss strategy.

Franklin D. RooseveltWinston ChurchillQuebecSecond Quebec Conference

Battle of Peleliu begins as the United States Marine Corps' 1st Marine Division and the United States Army's 81st Infantry Division hit White and Orange beaches under heavy fire from Japanese infantry and artillery.

Battle of PeleliuUnited States Marine Corps1st Marine Division (United States)United States Army81st Infantry Division (United States)