Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sasanian Empire, in a campaign which would bring about his own death.

Roman EmperorJulian (emperor)AntiochJulian's Persian WarSasanian Empire

Nasir Khusraw begins the seven-year Middle Eastern journey which he will later describe in his book Safarnama.

Nasir KhusrawSafarnama

The Livonian Order is defeated in the Battle of Aizkraukle by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Livonian OrderBattle of AizkraukleGrand Duchy of Lithuania

King Henry VII of England issues letters patent to John Cabot and his sons, authorising them to explore unknown lands.

Henry VII of EnglandJohn Cabot

Nicolaus Copernicus's book On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres is added to the Index of Forbidden Books 73 years after it was first published.

Nicolaus CopernicusDe revolutionibus orbium coelestiumIndex Librorum Prohibitorum

Antonio de Ulloa, the first Spanish governor of Louisiana, arrives in New Orleans.

Antonio de UlloaLouisianaNew Orleans

Boston Massacre: Five Americans, including Crispus Attucks, are fatally shot by British troops in an event that would contribute to the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War (also known as the American War of Independence) five years later.

Boston MassacreUnited StatesCrispus AttucksAmerican Revolutionary War

Peninsular War: A French force under the command of Marshal Victor is routed while trying to prevent an Anglo-Spanish-Portuguese army from lifting the Siege of Cádiz in the Battle of Barrosa.

Peninsular WarClaude Victor-Perrin, Duc de BellunoSiege of CádizBattle of Barrosa

First Anglo-Burmese War: The British officially declare war on Burma.

First Anglo-Burmese WarBurma

Samuel Colt patents the first production-model revolver, the .34-caliber.

Samuel ColtRevolver

The Britannia Bridge across the Menai Strait between the island of Anglesey and the mainland of Wales is opened.

Britannia BridgeMenai StraitAnglesey

Parma, Tuscany, Modena and Romagna vote in referendums to join the Kingdom of Sardinia.

ParmaTuscanyModenaRomagnaReferendum

Mefistofele, an opera by Arrigo Boito receives its premiere performance at La Scala.

MefistofeleArrigo BoitoLa Scala

George Westinghouse patents the air brake.

George WestinghouseRailway air brake

Moro Rebellion: United States Army troops bring overwhelming force against the native Moros in the First Battle of Bud Dajo, leaving only six survivors.

Moro RebellionUnited States ArmyMoro peopleFirst Battle of Bud Dajo

Italo-Turkish War: Italian forces are the first to use airships for military purposes, employing them for reconnaissance behind Turkish lines.

Italo-Turkish WarKingdom of ItalyAirshipReconnaissanceOttoman Empire

The British Raj: Gandhi-Irwin Pact is signed.

British RajGandhi-Irwin Pact

Great Depression: President Franklin D. Roosevelt declares a "bank holiday", closing all U.S. banks and freezing all financial transactions.

Great DepressionFranklin D. RooseveltEmergency Banking Act

Adolf Hitler's Nazi Party receives 43.9% at the Reichstag elections, which allows the Nazis to later pass the Enabling Act and establish a dictatorship.

Adolf HitlerNazi PartyGerman federal election, March 1933Enabling Act of 1933

First flight of K5054, the first prototype Supermarine Spitfire advanced monoplane fighter aircraft in the United Kingdom.

Supermarine Spitfire

Six high-ranking members of Soviet politburo, including Joseph Stalin, sign an order for the execution of 25,700 Polish intelligentsia, including 14,700 Polish POWs, in what will become known as the Katyn massacre.

Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet UnionJoseph StalinIntelligentsiaPrisoner of WarKatyn massacre

World War II: Japanese forces captures Batavia, capital of Dutch East Indies, which left undefended after the withdrawal of KNIL garrison and Australian Blackforce battalion to Buitenzorg and Bandung.

World War IIEmpire of JapanBatavia, Dutch East IndiesDutch East IndiesRoyal Netherlands East Indies Army

World War II: The Red Army begins the Uman-Botoșani Offensive in the western Ukrainian SSR.

World War IIRed ArmyUman-Botoșani OffensiveUkrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

Winston Churchill coins the phrase "Iron Curtain" in his speech at Westminster College, Missouri.

Winston ChurchillIron CurtainWestminster College, Missouri

Indonesian President Soekarno dismissed the Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR), 1955 democratically elected parliament, and replaced with DPR-GR, the parliament of his own selected members.

President of IndonesiaSukarnoDewan Perwakilan Rakyat

American country music stars Patsy Cline, Hawkshaw Hawkins, Cowboy Copas and their pilot Randy Hughes are killed in a plane crash in Camden, Tennessee.

Patsy ClineHawkshaw HawkinsCowboy Copas1963 Camden PA-24 crashCamden, Tennessee

March Intifada: A Leftist uprising erupts in Bahrain against British colonial presence.

March IntifadaLeft-wing politicsBahrain

The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty goes into effect after ratification by 43 nations.

Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty

Yom Kippur War: Israeli forces withdraw from the west bank of the Suez Canal.

Yom Kippur WarIsraelSuez Canal

The Landsat 3 is launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California.

Landsat programVandenberg Air Force BaseCalifornia