First Fitna: In the Battle of Siffin, troops led by Ali ibn Abu Talib clash with those led by Muawiyah I.

First FitnaBattle of SiffinAliMuawiyah I

Battle of Pliska: Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros I is killed and his heir Staurakios is seriously wounded.

Battle of PliskaByzantine EmpireNikephoros IStaurakios

Rout of an alliance of Christian troops from Navarre and Léon against the Muslims at Pamplona.

NavarreLeón, SpainPamplona

Henry VII is recognized King of the Romans by Pope Clement V.

Henry VII, Holy Roman EmperorKing of the RomansPope Clement V

Wars of the Roses: The Battle of Edgecote Moor, pitting the forces of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick against those of Edward IV of England, takes place.

Wars of the RosesBattle of Edgecote MoorRichard Neville, 16th Earl of WarwickEdward IV of England

The Emperor Krishnadevaraya ascends to the throne, marking the beginning of the regeneration of the Vijayanagara Empire.

KrishnadevarayaVijayanagara Empire

Francisco Pizarro González, Spanish conquistador, is appointed governor of Peru.

Francisco Pizarro González

Plakkaat van Verlatinghe (Act of Abjuration): The northern Low Countries declare their independence from the Spanish king, Philip II.

Act of AbjurationLow CountriesPhilip II of Spain

The first recorded women's cricket match takes place near Guildford, England.

History of women's cricketGuildford

French and Indian War: The Siege of Louisbourg ends with British forces defeating the French and taking control of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.

French and Indian WarSiege of Louisbourg (1758)Gulf of Saint Lawrence

The office that would later become the United States Post Office Department is established by the Second Continental Congress. Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania takes office as Postmaster General.

United States Post Office DepartmentSecond Continental CongressBenjamin Franklin

New York ratifies the United States Constitution and becomes the 11th state of the United States.

United States Constitution

The Surrey Iron Railway, arguably the world's first public railway, opens in south London, United Kingdom.

Surrey Iron RailwayRail transport

The Swedish-Norwegian War begins.

Swedish-Norwegian War (1814)

José de San Martín arrives in Guayaquil, Ecuador, to meet with Simón Bolívar.

José de San MartínGuayaquilEcuadorGuayaquil ConferenceSimón Bolívar

First day of the three-day Battle of Dervenakia, between the Ottoman Empire force led by Mahmud Dramali Pasha and the Greek Revolutionary force led by Theodoros Kolokotronis.

Battle of DervenakiaOttoman EmpireMahmud Dramali PashaGreek War of IndependenceTheodoros Kolokotronis

Liberia declares its independence.

Liberia

American Civil War: George B. McClellan assumes command of the Army of the Potomac following a disastrous Union defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run.

American Civil WarGeorge B. McClellanArmy of the PotomacUnion ArmyFirst Battle of Bull Run

American Civil War: Morgan's Raid ends; At Salineville, Ohio, Confederate cavalry leader John Hunt Morgan and 360 of his volunteers are captured by Union forces.

Morgan's RaidSalineville, OhioConfederate States of AmericaJohn Hunt Morgan

Premiere of Richard Wagner's opera Parsifal at Bayreuth.

Richard WagnerParsifalBayreuth

The Republic of Stellaland is founded in Southern Africa.

Stellaland

Publication of the Unua Libro, founding the Esperanto movement.

Unua Libro

In Buenos Aires, Argentina the Revolución del Parque takes place, forcing President Miguel Ángel Juárez Celman's resignation.

Buenos AiresRevolution of the ParkMiguel Ángel Juárez Celman

France annexes Tahiti.

Tahiti

Anglo-Afghan War: The Pashtun fakir Saidullah leads an army of more than 10,000 to begin a siege of the British garrison in the Malakand Agency of the North West Frontier Province of India.

Anglo-Afghan WarPashtunsFakirSaidullahSiege of Malakand

Ulises Heureaux, the 27th President of the Dominican Republic, is assassinated.

Ulises HeureauxPresident of the Dominican Republic

United States Attorney General Charles Joseph Bonaparte issues an order to immediately staff the Office of the Chief Examiner (later renamed the Federal Bureau of Investigation).

United States Attorney GeneralCharles Joseph BonaparteFederal Bureau of Investigation

Serbia and Bulgaria interrupt diplomatic relationship.

SerbiaBulgaria

The Axis powers decide to intervene in the Spanish Civil War.

Axis powersSpanish Civil War

King Edward VIII, in one of his few official duties before he abdicates the throne, officially unveils the Canadian National Vimy Memorial.

Edward VIIIEdward VIII abdication crisisCanadian National Vimy Memorial